Mathematics at Work: Protecting the Planet Through Understanding

As the world marks Earth Day on 22 April, the South African Mathematics Foundation (SAMF) is highlighting how mathematics helps protect the Earth. The 2026 theme, Our Power, Our Planet, reflects the role that knowledge and informed decision-making play in building a more sustainable future. 

Mathematics helps scientists understand how natural systems behave. It turns complex data into clear patterns. It allows researchers to test ideas and predict change before it happens. This is critical in a world where climate and environmental systems are under pressure. 

The link between mathematics and environmental protection is clear in the work of Prof Kerstin Jordaan,  a Distinguished Professor of Mathematics in the College of Economic and Management Sciences at the University of South Africa. She is also a member of the Academy of Science of South Africa, an NRF B-rated researcher, and a recipient of a Royal Society Newton Advanced Fellowship. 

Her research focuses on advanced mathematical methods, including orthogonal polynomials and special functions. While highly specialised, these tools play an important role in understanding ocean systems. 

Ocean behaviour is complex. Waves, currents, and turbulence follow patterns that are not always visible. Mathematics helps scientists model these patterns and interpret large volumes of environmental data. This supports climate research, ocean monitoring, and the protection of marine ecosystems. 

In simple terms, mathematics helps scientists understand what is happening beneath the surface. It strengthens the ability to respond to environmental change with clarity and care. 

Prof Seithuti Moshokoa, Executive Director of the South African Mathematics Foundation (SAMF), says mathematics plays a key role in shaping responsible decisions. 

“Mathematics gives us a way to understand the world more deeply. When we understand patterns in nature, we are better able to protect them. It equips young people with the skills to solve real problems, including those that affect our environment.” 

Mathematics also supports long-term thinking. It allows scientists to explore possible futures and assess risk before action is taken. This reduces uncertainty and supports more sustainable outcomes. 

The message for Earth Day is simple. Protecting the planet is not only about visible action. It is also about understanding the systems that sustain life. 

Mathematics helps make that understanding possible. 

As communities, educators, and learners work together to care for the Earth, mathematics remains an essential part of the solution. It connects knowledge with action and helps turn insight into impact.